Developmental Dysplasia of Hip: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Developmental Dysplasia of Hip?

Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is a condition where the hip joint does not form properly in babies or young children. In a healthy hip, the top of the thigh bone fits snugly into the hip socket. However, with DDH, the hip socket may be too shallow or loose. As a result, the hip can slip out of place. Early diagnosis of hip dysplasia is important because it helps prevent long-term problems. DDH can affect one or both hips, but it often affects the left hip more.

Symptoms of Developmental Dysplasia of Hip

Many babies with DDH do not show clear signs at birth. Still, some symptoms may appear as the child grows. For example, parents or doctors may notice:

One leg looks shorter than the other

Uneven skin folds on the thighs or buttocks

Limited movement or flexibility in one leg

A clicking or popping sound when moving the hip

Walking with a limp or waddling gait (in older children)

However, not all children show these signs. Therefore, regular check-ups are important for early detection.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not always know the exact cause of developmental dysplasia of hip. Yet, some factors can increase the risk. For instance:

Family history of hip dysplasia

Being the first-born child

Female gender (girls are more often affected)

Breech position during pregnancy (baby is feet-first)

Low levels of amniotic fluid in the womb

Swaddling the baby too tightly with legs straight

Because these risks exist, doctors often check newborns for DDH soon after birth.

How is Developmental Dysplasia of Hip Diagnosed?

Early diagnosis of hip dysplasia helps prevent joint problems later in life. Doctors use several methods to check for DDH. First, they perform a physical exam. During this exam, the doctor gently moves the baby’s legs to feel for any looseness or clicking. Next, if the doctor suspects DDH, they may order imaging tests. These tests include:

Ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to create pictures of the hip joint. It is safe for babies and helps doctors see soft tissues.

X-ray: For older babies and children, an X-ray can show the bones and hip socket clearly.

Because early diagnosis is key, regular check-ups are important, especially for babies at higher risk.

Treatment Options

Treatment for developmental dysplasia of hip depends on the child’s age and the severity of the problem. The main goal is to keep the hip joint in the right position so it can grow normally. Common DDH treatment options include:

Pavlik harness: For babies under six months, this soft brace holds the hips in place. Most babies wear it for several weeks or months.

Closed reduction: If the harness does not work, doctors may gently move the hip into place while the child is under anesthesia. Afterward, a cast keeps the hip steady.

Open surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be needed to fix the hip joint. This is more common in older children or if other treatments do not work.

With early treatment, most children recover well and can move their hips normally.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

Although not all cases of hip dysplasia can be prevented, some steps may help lower the risk. For example:

Practice safe swaddling by allowing the baby’s legs to bend and move freely

Attend all regular check-ups with your child’s doctor

Inform your doctor if there is a family history of hip problems

Additionally, early diagnosis of hip dysplasia gives your child the best chance for healthy hips.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any signs of hip problems in your child, such as uneven leg length or trouble moving one leg, contact your doctor at Vasista Orthocare right away. Also, if your child starts to limp or walk with a waddle, seek medical advice. Early treatment can prevent long-term joint issues and help your child stay active.

For personalized advice on developmental dysplasia of the hip, consult an orthopedic specialist at Vasista Orthocare.